What is the anticoagulation mechanism of EDTA-K2 and heparin sodium

Anticoagulation mechanism of EDTA-K2

EDTA-K2 is one of the most commonly used and important anticoagulants and reagents in the clinical work. Its mechanism is to prevent blood coagulation by forming stable chelates with calcium ions in the water phase. The salts of EDTA include potassium, sodium, lithium salt, which are all soluble in water. The solubility of potassium salt is higher than that of sodium salt. It is better to use potassium salt of EDTA for whole blood cell count. EDTA can affect the activity of some enzymes and inhibit lupus erythematosus factor, so it is not suitable for making histochemical staining and blood smear to examine lupus erythematosus cells. EDTA can also affect platelet aggregation and leukocyte phagocytosis, and is not suitable for hemostatic test and platelet function test. The smear prepared with EDTA-K2 anticoagulant has an effect on the morphology of granulocytes, the degree of which is related to the time of anticoagulant placement and the concentration of   anticoagulant.

Anticoagulation mechanism of heparin sodium
Heparin is the best anticoagulant in the determination of blood chemical composition. Heparin is a kind of mucopolysaccharide with sulphuric acid group, with molecular weight of 15000. Its anticoagulation mechanism is to work with anticoagulant II to inhibit the action of factors ⅸ a, Ⅷ and PF3 in low concentration, and to strengthen the action of anticoagulant III to inactivate serine protease, so as to prevent the formation of thrombin; it also has the effect of inhibiting the self catalysis of thrombin and inhibiting factor X.
The salts of heparin are sodium, lithium and ammonium. Generally, the anticoagulant dosage of heparin is 10.0-12.5iu/ml blood. Although the price of heparin lithium is expensive, its anticoagulation effect is better. Because heparin sodium can increase the content of plasma sodium, while heparin ammonium can increase the content of urea ammonia. There are obvious differences in some biochemical components between serum and heparin anticoagulant plasma. In the process of coagulation, the content of serum potassium is higher than that of plasma due to the dissolution and destruction of red blood cells. Therefore, when determining potassium ion, pay attention to the difference between serum and plasma. In addition, heparin excess can cause leukocyte aggregation and thrombocytopenia, so it is not suitable for leukocyte classification and platelet count, nor for hemostatic test.
The results showed that heparin sodium anticoagulant had a significant effect on the determination of total protein in blood, which was 3% - 5% higher than that in serum. However, after adding anticoagulant, the total protein content is lower than the total protein content of serum. The reason is that after adding heparin sodium anticoagulant to blood, the production of thrombin is blocked, the blood coagulation is prevented, the fibrinogen cannot be hydrolyzed into fibrin monomer, and the formation of fibrin monomer is effectively blocked, and these fibrin remains in plasma. Serum is the blood after coagulation, fibrinogen hydrolysis into fibrin monomer, and because of coagulation and consumption, after centrifugation with the blood cells separated. Therefore, the total protein quality in plasma is all the proteins including fibrinogen, while the total protein content in serum is no fibrinogen. Theoretically, it should be lower than the total protein content in plasma. Therefore, when determining the total protein content of blood, it's better to take serum as the sample. For some emergency samples, or some patients who need to be determined urgently for other reasons, when it's necessary to use plasma as the sample to measure the total protein, after measuring the total protein, the content of fibrinogen should be deducted (generally 3% - 5%), so as to be consistent with the total protein content measured by taking serum as the sample, It truly reflects the actual total protein content in patients.
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