First, let's understand the basic concept of anticoagulation
Anticoagulation: physical or chemical methods are used to remove or inhibit some coagulation factors in the blood and prevent blood coagulation. It is called the upper pale yellow liquid after anticoagulation centrifugal separation as plasma. Anticoagulant: chemical agent or substance that can prevent blood from clotting. It is called anticoagulant or anticoagulant. Coagulation: the process of helping blood clot quickly. Coagulant: substance that helps blood clot rapidly to precipitate out of serum. The general components are gum substances.
In serum test, coagulant can be selected to make blood coagulate rapidly, while in whole blood or plasma test, different anticoagulants are usually needed to make the collected venous blood not coagulate. Anticoagulants account for a large proportion in medical examination, so what are the commonly used anticoagulants?
I. EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetate)
1. Anticoagulation principle of EDTA: it can form chelate with calcium ion in blood, so as to prevent blood coagulation. Such as EDTA-K2, etc.
2. Blood collection: Purple head tube.
3. Application: commonly used and blood routine examination, blood cell morphology examination, etc.
Two, heparin
1. Common heparin products include heparin lithium and heparin sodium. Anticoagulant principle: widely exists in liver, lung and other human tissues, is a physiological anticoagulant. By strengthening the activity of antithrombin Ⅲ (at - Ⅲ), the serine protease is inactivated and the formation of thrombin is prevented, so as to play an anticoagulant role. Such as heparin lithium, heparin sodium, etc.
2. Blood collection: green head tube.
3. Application: it is commonly used in biochemical tests.
III. oxalate
1. Anticoagulation principle: oxalate reacts with calcium ion to form calcium oxalate precipitate, so as to prevent blood coagulation. Such as sodium oxalate, ammonium oxalate, etc.
2. Blood collection: gray head tube.
3. Application: it is often mixed with sodium fluoride (which can inhibit glucose fermentation) for blood glucose determination.
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